Personal Emergency Response System

ABSTRACT

A wearable transmitter for transmitting emergency and non-emergency signals to a base station. The wearable transmitter comprises a first button associated with an emergency condition, a second button associated with a non-emergency condition, a transmitter for transmitting the emergency and non-emergency signals to a base station, and a processor coupled to the first button, the second button, and the transmitter, for causing the transmitter to transmit the emergency signal to the base station when a user of the transmitter activates the first button and for causing the transmitter to transmit the non-emergency signal to the base station when a user of the transmitter activates the second button.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.13/934,221, filed on Jul. 2, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 12/701,393, filed on Feb. 5, 2010.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is generally directed to communication systems andmethods.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various personal emergency response systems (“PERS”) have been developedout of the necessity to summon help during emergency situations.Typically, such systems allow a person experiencing an emergency tosimply press a button to get help. When the emergency button is pressed,a console uses a standard telephone line to dial an emergency responsecenter. The operator at the emergency response center answers theincoming call and communicates through the console via two way voicecommunications. The operator then communicates to local emergencyservices, and help is summoned to the location of the emergency.

However, PERS have many limitations. For instance, a PERS does notprovide the ability to communicate with a medical professional innon-emergency situations. For most non-urgent medical needs, a patientstill has to visit a doctor's office. For many elderly people—those mostlikely to use a PERS—such visits to a doctor's office are inconvenient.Elderly people often are unable to transport themselves sotransportation must be arranged. Medical offices can be crowded and canexpose vulnerable patients to a variety of contagious illnesses. Stillfurther, elderly persons often have difficulty in determining,remembering, and/or dialing phone numbers. This can make calling adoctor's office difficult. U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,370, U.S. PatentApplication Publication Nos. 2007/0082651 and 2008/008596 and EuropeanPatent Application No. 0 208 080, which are each incorporated byreference herein in their entirety, all suffer from this disadvantage.

Although some response systems may be used for both emergency andnon-emergency situations, they are not compatible with existing PERSconsole-based systems. Typical PERS require a particular dual-tonemulti-frequency (“DTMF”) signal to start a phone call. This usually is atone corresponding to pressing the number “1” on a push buttontelephone. Similarly, to completely terminate an emergency call, thePERS usually requires a tone corresponding to pressing the number “9” ona push button telephone. This DTMF signaling is known as a digital“handshake and disconnect.” Systems that have been developed for bothemergency and non-emergency communications lack this mechanism tomaintain and terminate telephone calls and therefore typically are notcompatible with common PERS systems.

For instance, U.S. Application Pub. No. 2004/0246128 to Menard (“128application”), which is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety, describes a health and wellness communications system that canbe used for emergency and non-emergency situations. The Menard systemuses two-way communication devices and a bi-directional wirelesscommunication network. The system includes a personal medical devicewith a user interface and network. The personal medical device mayinteract directly with a communications network or may interact with apersonal wireless device, which in turn interacts with the network. Ineither case, the personal medical device may generate signals that arereceived by a central monitoring station. Alternatively, the personalmedical device may communicate with a building control or a securitysystem. The system of the '128 application suffers from the drawbackthat it is not readily compatible with existing PERS systems thatcommunicate over standard telephone lines because it lacks digital“handshake and disconnect” signals.

In view of the above, there exists a need for an emergency responsesystem that can be used for both emergency and non-emergency medicalcommunication. There further exists a need for a system that providesthis dual capability and is compatible with and works in concert withcontracted, pre-programmed emergency response and medical triagenurse-line call centers. In particular, there is a need for acommunication system that can be used for both emergency andnon-emergency medical communications that provides digital “handshakeand disconnect” signals in the form of tones recognizable to PERSsystems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention toprovide a communication system that can be used for both emergency andnon-emergency medical communications.

It is another object of the invention to provide a communication systemthat is compatible with most existing PERS.

In particular, it is another object of the invention to provide acommunication system that generates the recognizable tones necessary fora digital “handshake and disconnect” to maintain and terminate telephonecalls to emergency and non-emergency medical facilities and personnel.

These objects are achieved by a communication system that comprises atransmitter that communicates to a fixed console connected to acommunication network and a tone simulator. The transmitter is inoperative communication with the console and is operative to send afirst signal to the console. The console is operatively connected to acommunication network and is operative to send a second signal over thecommunication network to at least two different response systems. Theconsole comprises a receiver operative to receive the first signal fromthe transmitter, a controller operative to compare the first signal fromthe transmitter with a set of pre-determined values, and a communicationinterface. Preferably, the pre-determined set of values comprises one orboth of: a frequency value and a time value. The controller operates tocompare the first signal from the transmitter with a set ofpre-determined values and access a communication network and dial one ofthe at least two pre-programmed voice line addresses. Eachpre-programmed telephone number corresponds to one of the two differentresponse systems. The two different response systems may comprise anemergency response system and a non-emergency medical center, and thenon-emergency medical center may be a medical triage call center.

The console further comprises a communication interface operative toconnect the receiver to a communication network. An audiblecommunication device is coupled to the controller and the communicationinterface. The system also includes a tone simulator. A first tone isgenerated upon connection of a voice line communication to one of twodifferent response systems and a second tone being generated upontermination of audible communication on the voice line between a user ofthe communication system and an individual at one of the two differentresponse systems. The first tone signals to the console that the voiceline communication has begun, and the second tone signals to the consolethat the voice line communication has ended. Preferably, the first toneis a sinusoidal tone representing a 1 tone, and the second tone is asinusoidal tone representing a 9 tone.

The transmitter may comprise one or more buttons, and each buttonoperates to send a signal to the console when pressed. In a preferredembodiment, the transmitter comprises two buttons. The first buttonoperates to send a signal to the console to dial a first pre-programmedvoice line address to call an emergency response system when pressed.The second button operates to send a signal to the console to dial asecond pre-programmed voice line address to call a non-emergency medicalcenter.

Some embodiments may be used to sense vital signs of a user or othersignals of hazardous activity such as smoke or carbon monoxide. Suchembodiments further comprise one or more sensors operative to send asignal to the console, the sensors comprising one or more of: an ambienttemperature sensor, a body temperature sensor, a pulse sensor, a motionsensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a smoke sensor.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will beappreciated from review of the following detailed description of theinvention, along with the accompanying figures in which like referencenumerals refer to like parts throughout.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing an embodiment of a communication systemin accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a detailed flow diagram showing an embodiment of acommunication system in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a transmitter inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the transmitter shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a console in accordancewith the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the console shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a communication system inaccordance the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a communication system inaccordance the present invention; and

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a communication system inaccordance the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following paragraphs, the present invention will be described indetail by way of example with reference to the attached drawings.Throughout this description, the preferred embodiment and examples shownshould be considered as exemplars, rather than as limitations on thepresent invention. As used herein, the “present invention” refers to anyone of the embodiments of the invention described herein, and anyequivalents. Furthermore, reference to various feature(s) of the“present invention” throughout this document does not mean that allclaimed embodiments or methods must include the referenced feature(s).

Referring first to FIGS. 1-6, exemplary embodiments of a communicationsystem will be described. The communication system 10 may comprise atransmitter 12, which may be a portable handheld device or a wearabledevice. Preferably, transmitter 12, shown in detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, isa wireless signal transmitter having at least two buttons 14, 16.Transmitter 12 can be activated by the user 5 either for emergency needsor non-emergency medical assessments. As discussed in more detailherein, one of the buttons 14 is for emergency situations and the other16 is for non-urgent medical needs. Transmitter 12 may comprise amicrocontroller 101, a radio frequency transmitter 102, an oscillator105, a low battery voltage detect circuit 108 and a battery 109. Anon-emergency visual activation LED indicator 106, preferably a bluelight, and an emergency visual activation LED indicator 107, preferablya red light, are on or close to the surface of the transmitter 12 so theuser 5 can see when each is activated.

The communication system 10 further comprises a base station or console18 in operative communication with the transmitter 12 and interfacedwith a communication network 22 via communication interface 28 and,preferably, telephone 21. The communication network may be a standardtelephone network, a wireless telephone network, a global system formobile communications (GSM) network, voice over internet protocol (VoIP)or any other communication network that enables audible, voice linecommunication between individuals at different locations. As shown inFIGS. 5 and 6, a preferred console 18 comprises a receiver 24 to receivea signal from the transmitter 12, a microprocessor or controller 30 toevaluate the received signal, access the communication network 22 anddial voice line address, a tone generator 209 to send accountinformation to a call center, and a communication interface 28 toconnect the receiver 24 to the communication network 22.

As best seen in FIG. 6, base station or console 18 may further comprisea power supply 203, a ring detector 204, a line fault detector 205, atelephone line input jack 206, a DTMF decoder 208, an amplifier 210, avolume select 211, a speakerphone circuit 212, a low battery detector213, a back up battery 214, an AC power detector 215, a memory chip 216,a speaker 217, a microphone 218, a volume switch 219, emergency button220, medical call button 221, and/or an LED display 222. Speaker 217and/or microphone 218, or other audible communication device isoperatively coupled to the controller 30 and the telephone interface 28.It should be understood that any audible communications device could beused so long as it enables bidirectional speech between the user and anindividual being called through a telephone line. Console 18 requirespower supply 203 or a charged back up battery 213 to operate. Inaddition, the telephone line input jack 206 must be connected. Memorychip 216 is pre-programmed to contain the appropriate operation data,such as the telephone numbers to call in emergency and non-emergencysituations.

Communication system 10 can include any computing devices, such ascomputers (PCs, laptops, notebooks, etc.), telephone handsets, cellularphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and so on. A typicalcommunication system includes a central processing unit (CPU), ormicroprocessor, here referred to as controller 30. The CPU is optionallyconnected through a bus to a communications network interface. Thecommunications network interface serves to connect console 18 to acommunications network. The communications network could be any systemthat facilitates remote communication between more than one individualat different locations. It could include a standard telephone network, awireless telephone network, voice over internet protocol (VoIP), or anyother telecommunications system. A wireless telephone interface couldcomprise GSM, GPRS, CDMA or other wireless protocols.

In preferred embodiments, the communications network interface is atelephone interface that communicates with a standard telephone networkor a wireless telephone network. A network may comprise any connectionof two or more computers that enables them to communicate and wouldinclude the requisite transmission devices, servers, cables, routers andsatellites. A telephone network comprises the complete infrastructurenecessary for transmitting telephone communications. One standardportion of a telephone network is the telephony server, which typicallycomprises a computer system that provides telephone integration. Theterm “telephony server” may refer to the entire computer system thatprovides the integration or to just the plug-in boards and software.

Controller 30 is configured to access a communication network 22, andpreferably a telephone network. In particular, controller 30 isprogrammed to dial or route to at least two voice line addresses, eachof which calls a different response system. A voice line address may beany unique sequence of numbers or data that is specific to an individualor location and allows voice communication with that individual orlocation, such as a standard or wireless telephone number or an interneprotocol (IP) address. For non-telephone networks, the controller 30routes data packets to pre-programmed addresses. In preferredembodiments, the voice line address is a telephone number for a standardor wireless telephone. One of those is an emergency response system 32such as a call center that receives emergency distress calls. Such acall center, exemplified by the “911” emergency system, does intake ofpertinent information and communicates with and directs emergencyservices 34 such as ambulances, emergency medical technicians and othermedical emergency responders to the site of the emergency. Additionalresponse systems preferably include a non-emergency medical responsesystem 36 such as an urgent care facility or a medical call centerwherein triage nurses answer the telephones, do intake of pertinentinformation, and provide medical advice to alleviate the health problemof the caller. It should be noted that controller 30 could bepre-programmed to dial any telephone number such as the number of afamily member, close friend, or neighbor of the user.

Communication system 10 provides a tone simulator 40 for generating atleast two tones that together comprise a “digital handshake anddisconnect” process. As discussed in detail below, this tone simulationfunctionality can be provided by hardware or software situated onvarious components at various locations in the communication system butpreferably is software located on the telephony server 42 of eitheremergency response system 32 or non-emergency medical response system36. In particular, upon connection of a phone call through console 18 toa response system 32 or 36 the tone simulator 40 emits a first audiblesinusoidal tone. This first tone preferably simulates a “1” tone, i.e.,the tone emitted when the “1” button of a telephone is pressed. The tonesimulator 40 generates this tone by producing two tones simultaneouslyhaving different frequencies, specifically 697 hertz (Hz) and 1209 Hz.The “1” tone acts as a “digital handshake” to signal to console that thephone call has been answered by the response system. Upon thedisconnection, or termination, of the telephone call to the responsesystem, the tone simulator 40 emits a second audible sinusoidal tone.The second tone simulates a “9” tone, i.e., the tone emitted when the“9” button of a telephone is pressed, and acts as a “digital disconnect”to signal to console 18 that the phone call has been terminated. The “9”tone is generated by production of two tones simultaneously havingdifferent frequencies, namely, 852 Hz and 1477 Hz.

A preferred first tone, or “1” tone, to signal a “digital handshake”corresponds to the following definitions of the first and secondsimultaneously generated tones: first “1” tone frequency is 697 Hertz;second “1” tone frequency is 1209 Hertz. The amplitude and duration ofthe first and second “1” tones may vary, but preferred parameters are−40 dB and 0.5 seconds. A preferred second tone, or “9” tone, to signala “digital disconnect” corresponds to the following definitions of thefirst and second simultaneously generated tones: first “9” tonefrequency 852 Hertz; second “9” tone frequency is 1477 Hertz. Theamplitude and duration of the first and second “9” tones may vary, butpreferred parameters are −40 dB and 0.5 seconds. Console 18 is equippedwith DTMF tone recognition so it can recognize the simulated “1” and “9”tones and accept the “digital handshake and disconnect” signals. Thetone simulation and recognition provides the important advantage ofallowing communication system 10 to be integrated and fully functionalwith most existing PERS systems because the above-described generatedtones simulate the DTMF tones generated by call center operators inexisting PERS systems.

In preferred embodiments, the tone simulator 40 is software located onthe telephony server 42 of the call center telephone system 32 or 36. Inparticular, the software may lie on the digital receiver of the callcenter telephone system, and may be encoded onto a chip on the digitalboard where the system's operating software lies. It should beunderstood that the tone simulator 40 can be any form of software,whether an operating system or application. Although the tone simulator40 is discussed herein primarily as a software component running on thetelephony server 42 of the emergency response system 32 andnon-emergency medical response system 36, it should be understood that atone simulator consistent with the present invention can includehardware components under software control, or alternatively may be runover a number of computers, with software components of the tonesimulator residing in one or more computers. Such hardware could run ona processor or could reside in a module on the digital receiver board ofthe call center telephony server. Also, original equipment could bebuilt that would interface with the digital receiver.

Alternatively, tone simulator hardware or software could be operatedentirely on the user side of the communication system so the tonesimulation functionality is not dependent upon installation ofcomponents on the call center side. For example, the tone simulatorcould be a software component running on the user's home telephonesystem or personal computer. Alternatively, embodiments of console 18 ortransmitter 12 may comprise tone simulator software, or the simulatedtones could be generated manually by the user.

In operation, the user 5 either wears transmitter 12 around his or herneck or keeps it on his or her person by other means, such as keeping itin a clothing pocket or personal carrying case such as a purse,briefcase, pouch or fanny pack. The transmitter 12 can be attached to astring, wire or necklace by ring 13. First, an emergency scenario willbe described. In the event that the user 5 experiences a medicalemergency, the user 5 initiates the communication process by pressingemergency button on transmitter 12. This activates emergency visualactivation LED 107, which emits a red light to indicate activation.Microcontroller 101 of transmitter 12 transmits an emergency signal toconsole 18, which tells console 18 to dial the pre-programmed emergencytelephone number. Preferably the signal is an encoded RF transmissionand travels via radio frequency transmitter 102. The signal may be sentover a radio frequency (RF) or power line carrier, or any otherappropriate signaling system. Possible signal generators includewaveform generators or pitch generators. A digital PCM encoder andoscillator could also be used whereby the PCM encoder modulates theoscillator on and off with a selected digital code. The resultant pulsedradio frequency carrier is then transmitted to receiver 24 withinconsole 18.

The receiver 24 may be a digital or analog receiver. Signal repeaterscan be used to increase the range of the transmitter signal. Suchrepeaters may be wired or wireless. A wireless port could allowcommunication to console when the transmitter 12 is not in the same roomas the console 18 so long as a power source is available. Receiver 24 inconsole 18 receives the emergency transmission initiated by the user 5.Receiver 24 converts the RF signal to a digital pulse stream and sendsthe signal to controller 30, which may be any type of computerprocessor. Next, controller 30 evaluates the signal and verifies theinformation. Specifically, controller 30 analyzes the transmitted signaland compares it with a set of pre-determined values to ascertain whetherthe transmission requires controller 30 to access a telephone line. Suchpre-determined values are programmed into the controller 30 and mayinclude signal duration and frequency. This evaluation step preventscontroller 30 from retrieving a telephone line unless the incomingtransmission duration and frequency match the pre-determined receiversettings. The controller 30 further determines whether the incomingtransmission is an emergency signal or a non-emergency signal.

If the parameters of the incoming transmission signal match thepre-determined values, controller 30 will open a telephone circuit toaccess a telephone line. The telephone access is done via telephoneinterface connector 28, which connects console 18 to telephone line 22.Controller 30 then enables amplifiers, speakers and/or microphones anddials the pre-programmed telephone number for emergency situations,which would preferably be an emergency response center where operatorshave the capability to assess the nature of the emergency and dispatchemergency medical personnel.

An operator at the emergency response center 32 picks up the telephone,and the call is connected. Upon this initial connection, controller 30opens the voice line for an initial pre-programmed time frame. Thisinitial time frame is very limited, e.g., about 30 seconds but may belonger or shorter depending on the required system parameters. Duringthis initial open voice line period, tone simulator 40 emits the firstsimultaneous two-tone combination. As discussed above, this first tonesimulates a “1” tone that is recognized by console 18. When console 18receives the “1” tone, the voice line is activated. Once DTMF decoder208 acknowledges the “1” tone, and controller 30 verifies the tone, DTMFgenerator 209 begins sending specific pre-programmed account informationto the call center via a series of DTMF tones. Once the DTMF informationis processed by the emergency call center 32, the voice line stays openfor a pre-programmed length of time, which may be between one minute andsixty minutes, or any period deemed sufficient to communicate therequisite emergency information for responding to an emergency. Duringthis time the user 5 of the response system and the operator 33 at theemergency response center can converse over the telephone voice line. Inparticular, the voice communication is through the voice switchedspeaker phone circuit 212, the base station microphone 218, theamplifier 210 and the console speaker 217. In the absence of simulationof the “1” tone, the telephone call will be disconnected upon expiry ofthe initial 30-second time period.

During this active voice line period, the user 5 suffering from themedical emergency communicates to the operator 33 the details of themedical emergency. The operator 33 may inquire as to pertinentinformation relating to user 5, such as symptoms being experienced bythe user and the user's medical history. The operator 33 then dispatchesthe appropriate emergency medical personnel to the address of the user 5suffering the medical emergency. The operator 33 also may providecertain general advice to the user 5 as a stop-gap pending arrival ofthe emergency medical personnel.

When the operator 33 and the user 5 have stopped speaking, the voiceline remains open as the operator 33 hangs up or otherwise manuallydisconnects the telephone. The disconnect command from the emergencyresponse center 32 triggers tone simulator 40 to emit the secondsimultaneous two-tone combination. This second tone simulates a “9” tonefrom a telephone. The “9” tone signals to console that the telephonecall is complete. Upon receiving the second two-tone combination,controller 30 disconnects the voice line to close the voice line andterminate the telephone call. Without this simulation of a “9” tonecontroller 30 will not close the voice line and terminate the telephonecall.

Also with reference to FIGS. 1-6, the process will now be described withregard to a non-emergency medical situation. In this example, the user 5may have a medical problem, but it is not a life-threatening emergency.The process begins when the user 5 presses non-emergency button 16 ontransmitter 12. Non-emergency button 16 is shown here with a star orasterisk logo, but may have any design or no design at all, so long asit is differentiated from emergency button 14. When the non-emergencybutton 16 is pressed, non-emergency call center visual activation LEDindicator 106 is activated and emits a blue light. Transmitter 12 sendsa non-emergency signal to console 18, which tells the console to dialthe pre-programmed emergency telephone number. Specifically,microcontroller 101 transmits an encoded RF transmission via the radiofrequency transmitter 102.

The receiver 24 in console 18 receives the non-emergency transmissioninitiated by the user 5. Next, controller 30 analyzes the transmittedsignal and compares it with a set of pre-determined values to verify theinformation and ascertain whether the transmission requires controllerto access a telephone line. This evaluation step prevents controller 30from retrieving a telephone line unless the incoming transmissionduration and frequency match the pre-determined receiver settings. Thecontroller further determines whether the incoming transmission is anemergency signal or a non-emergency signal.

If the parameters of the incoming transmission signal match thepre-determined values, controller 30 will open a telephone circuit andaccess a telephone line. The telephone access is done via telephoneinterface connector 28, which connects console 18 to telephone line 22.Controller 30 then dials the pre-programmed telephone number fornon-emergency situations, which calls non-emergency medical responsecenter 36. A non-emergency medical response center could be a medical ornurse triage call center, an urgent care facility, a doctor's office ordoctor on-call number, any other health facility, or a the phone numberof a family member or neighbor.

An individual or operator 37 at the non-emergency response center 36picks up the telephone, and the call is connected. As with the processfor the emergency situation described above, when the call is initiallyconnected, controller 30 opens the voice line for an initialpre-programmed time frame of a limited duration. During this initialopen voice line period, tone simulator 40 emits the first simultaneoustwo-tone combination simulating a “1” tone recognized by console 18.When console 18 receives the “1” tone, the voice line is activated. TheDTMF decoder 208 acknowledges the “1” tone, and controller 30 verifiesthe tone. Then DTMF generator 209 optionally may begin to send specificpre-programmed account information to the call center via a series ofDTMF tones. Once the DTMF information is processed by the non-emergencymedical center 36, the voice line stays open for a pre-programmed lengthof time, during which the user 5 of the response system and the medicalprofessional or operator 37 at the non-emergency response center 36 canconverse over the telephone voice line. The pre-programmed length oftime may be between one minute and sixty minutes, or any period deemedsufficient to communicate the requisite non-emergency information.

During this active voice line period, the user 5 suffering from thenon-emergency medical condition communicates to the individual 37 thedetails of the medical condition. If the individual called is a familymember or neighbor, that individual may go to the user's home to providesome care or aid in transporting the user to the doctor. If theindividual is a nurse or other medical professional, the individual mayinquire as to the symptoms being experienced by the user and the user'smedical history. The individual 37 can then provide medicalrecommendations for the user 5, such as which and how much medication totake, foods to eat or avoid and danger signs to look for should themedical condition worsen.

As with the process for emergency situations described above, the voiceline remains open after the user 5 and the called individual 37 stopspeaking When the individual or medical professional 37 hangs up orotherwise manually disconnects the telephone, the disconnect commandfrom the telephony server 42 at the non-emergency response location 36triggers tone simulator 40 to emit the second simultaneous two-tonecombination. This second tone simulates a “9” tone from a telephone andsignals to console 18 that the telephone call is complete. Uponreceiving the second two-tone combination, console 18 disconnects thevoice line to close the voice line and terminate the telephone call.

Alternative embodiments of communication systems that detect the user'svital signs and ambient conditions that could impact the user's healthwill now be described with reference to FIGS. 7-8. Communication system710 comprises console 18 and transmitter 12, each having essentially thesame internal systems and components as described above with referenceto the emergency and non-emergency response systems. Briefly, console 18comprises a receiver 24 to receive a signal from the transmitter 12, acontroller 30 to evaluate the received signal, access the communicationnetwork 22 and dial a voice line address and a communication interface28 to connect the receiver 24 to a communication network. An audiblecommunication device such as a speaker and/or microphone is operativelycoupled to the controller 30 and the communication interface 28.

Communication system 710 further comprises one or more sensors 712, 714,718, 720, 722 that can be situated on the user's person or in variouslocations throughout the home of the user. Such sensors can include oneor more of the following sensors described herein. Each of these sensorscan be included in console 18 or situated remotely and equipped tocommunicate to the console 18 via an RF or power line carrier.

Various sensors can be used to detect potentially hazardous conditionsand vital signs of the user. A body temperature sensor 712 detects theuser's body temperature. For elderly people or people in ill health,fluctuations in body temperature can pose serious health risks. Such asensor would be located on the person of the user and send a signal toconsole 18 if the user's body temperature goes above or below apre-determined temperature range. Similarly, a pulse sensor 714 detectspotentially dangerous fluctuations in the user's pulse and sends asignal to console 18 should the user's pulse drop below a pre-setminimum value. A movement sensor 716 detects lack of movement in theuser that could indicate a health emergency. The movement sensor 716,preferably containing an accelerometer, also could detect instances inwhich a user falls down. A 2-way voice remote 722 could also be used tofacilitate conversation with the user at a distance from the console 18,and port extenders 724 could be plugged into wall jack 726 to provideextended range.

Embodiments also can detect ambient conditions that could present healthrisks to elderly, frail or otherwise vulnerable users. An ambienttemperature sensor 718 detects heat waves or extreme cold temperaturesthat could injure or threaten the health or life of the user. Manyelderly people who live alone are sensitive and vulnerable to extremeheat and cold. Ambient temperature sensor 718 sends a signal to console18 if the ambient temperature goes above or below a pre-determinedtemperature range. A carbon monoxide sensor 720 detects dangerous levelsof carbon monoxide in the user's home and sends a signal to console 18should the level rise above a pre-determined safe parameter. A smokesensor 722 detects smoke and sends a signal to console 18 so emergencytelephone numbers can be dialed immediately.

Still further embodiments can provide other types of assistance to theuser as is shown in FIG. 8 and described below. For example,communication system 810 may include a passive motion sensor 812,preferably using infra-red sensing technology, that can detect motionwhen the user is entering a dark room and trigger light fixtures in thatroom to turn on when the motion is detected. In this embodiment, thesubject lighting fixtures would be operatively connected to a photocellreceiver module 814. An associated voice remote device 816 could have avoice activated feature so the user can announce “lights on” or “lightsoff” and the voice remote device 816 will send a signal to console 18,which triggers any light fixtures 818 plugged into it to turn on.Similarly, console 18 could be programmed to turn on the lights when theuser presses emergency button 14 on the transmitter 12. A light sensor819 and/or remote with light button 820 could be used to turn on a lightin advance of the user entering the room.

Embodiments can remind users to take medication that may be critical totheir health. As shown in FIG. 9, console 18 of emergency responsesystem 910 can be pre-programmed to page transmitter 12 and play apre-recorded message providing a voice reminder 912 through transmitter12 stating that the user should take particular medication.Alternatively, a call center can call console 18 via telephone totrigger console 18 to page the transmitter 12 and play the remindermessage. A 2-way remote with range 920 could emit a warning when theuser moves out of range of the console signal.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will beapparent to one skilled in the art that various changes andmodifications may be made. It should be understood that any of theforegoing configurations and specialized components may beinterchangeably used with any of the systems of the precedingembodiments. Although preferred illustrative embodiments of the presentinvention are described hereinabove, it will be evident to one skilledin the art that various changes and modifications may be made thereinwithout departing from the invention. It is intended in the appendedclaims to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within thetrue spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:
 1. A transmitter for providing emergency and non-emergencysignals to a base station, comprising: a first button associated with anemergency condition; a second button associated with a non-emergencycondition; a transmitter for transmitting the emergency andnon-emergency signals to a base station; and a processor coupled to thefirst button, the second button, and the transmitter, for causing thetransmitter to transmit the emergency signal to the base station when auser of the transmitter activates the first button and for causing thetransmitter to transmit the non-emergency signal to the base stationwhen a user of the transmitter activates the second button.